This book addresses the questions: – How was Greek pronounced in New Testament times? – How similar is the pronunciation of Modern Greek to New Testament Greek? – What about the Erasmian pronunciation? To that end, it does two things. First, it traces the origins of Koine sounds to pre-Koine times and follows their development so diachronic comparisons can be made. And second, it describes the origins and spread of Erasmian and assesses its effects on the Greek language and learning. A bonus chapter highlights key differences between Greek and English phonologies, while the Appendices analyze samples of Attic inscriptions.